Perfis no Instagram® de influenciadores digitais brasileiros na área de odontopediatria / Instagram® profiles of brazilian digital influencers in the area of pediatric dentistry

O uso de mídias sociais em algumas populações já é superior ao uso da televisão, e é um dos meios de obtenção de informações em saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantie qualitativamente o conteúdo postado no Instagram® por influenciadores digitais em Odontopediatria no Brasil. Foram incluídos perfis pessoais no Instagram de influenciadores digitais na área de Odontopediatria, com mais de 10 mil seguidores e em idioma português brasileiro. Cada perfil foi avaliado quanto ao número de seguidores, postagens e comentários durante três meses de 2021. As postagens foram classificadas quanto ao tema (conteúdo de saúde, publicidade, vida pessoal, caso clínico, data comemorativa, protocolos de atendimento em relação ao COVID-19, foto ou vídeo com paciente, marketing digital, conteúdo para dentistas, outros) e avaliadas quanto a interação dos seguidores (número de comentários e curtidas). As postagens de conteúdo de saúde ainda foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade do conteúdo publicado de acordo com a ferramenta BR-CDC-CCI. Todas as postagens também foram verificadas quanto à concordância com o Conselho Federal de Odontologia e guidelines internacionais. Um questionário foi desenvolvido e enviado a cada influenciador digital que teve seu perfil incluído no estudo. O questionário continha 27 perguntas sobre aspectos pessoais; formação acadêmica; área de atuação e características do perfil. Foram feitas análises descritivas das variáveis e análises de regressão linear multinível não ajustadas e ajustadas para avaliar a relação entre os preditores e o BR-CDC-CCI e entre preditores e normas dos guidelines internacionais de ética. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. 57 perfis foram avaliados quanto ao conteúdo aberto publicado no Instagram® (amostra total), destes 35 responderam ao questionário (amostra parcial). Na amostra total a média de seguidores foi de 37 mil; a porcentagem média de postagens de conteúdo de saúde foi de 18,7%; a pontuação média no BR-CDC-CCI foi de 52,7; 3 perfis não postaram conteúdo de saúde no período avaliado. Na análise de regressão linear multinível as postagens que obtiveram um escore mais alto no BR-CDC-CCI receberam menos curtidas. Essa relação foi significativa tanto no modelo não ajustado (p=0,001) quanto no ajustado (p=0,004). Na amostra parcial (n=35) a média de seguidores foi de 30 mil; a porcentagem média de postagens de conteúdo de saúde foi 21,9%; a pontuação média no BR-CDC-CCI foi de 51,9; 1 perfil não postou conteúdo de saúde no período avaliado. Na análise de regressão linear multinível as postagens direcionadas a dentistas atingiram escores mais altos no BR-CDC-CCI do que as postagens que tiveram outro público-alvo no modelo ajustado (p=0,004). A maior parte da amostra de influenciadores foi do sexo feminino e atuante no Sudeste do país. Conclui-se que a quantidade de conteúdo em saúde postado por esses influenciadores foi heterogênea e no geral teve baixa qualidade. A qualidade de conteúdo de saúde foi um pouco melhor quando se direcionavam a dentistas. Quanto pior a qualidade da postagem de conteúdo em saúde, maior o número de curtidas. A grande maioria das postagens de influenciadores em Odontopediatria do Brasil atendem às normas do CFO, porém um terço dessas postagens não cumprem as recomendações internacionais de ética, com os influenciadores que possuem canal para feedback do público infringindo mais as normativas internacionais.

The use of social media in some populations is already superior to the use of television, and it is one of the means of obtaining health information. The objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the content posted on Instagram® by digital influencers in Pediatric Dentistry in Brazil. The personal profiles on Instagram of digital influencers in the field of Pediatric Dentistry, with more than 10,000 followers and in Brazilian Portuguese, were included in the survey. Each profile was evaluated regarding the number of followers, posts and comments during three months of 2021. The posts were classified according to the theme (health content, advertising, personal life, clinical case, commemorative date, care protocols in relation to COVID-19). 19, photo or video with patient, digital marketing, content for dentists, others) and evaluated in terms of follower interaction (number of comments and likes). Health content posts were also evaluated for the quality of the content published according to the BRA-CDC-CCI tool. All posts were also checked for compliance with the Federal Council of Dentistry and international guidelines. A questionnaire developed for the research was sent to each digital influencer whose profile was included in the study. The questionnaire contained 27 questions about personal aspects; academic education; occupation area; features of your profile. Descriptive analyzes of variables and unadjusted and adjusted multilevel linear regression analyzes were performed to assess the relationship between predictors and the BR-CDC-ICC and between predictors and norms of international ethical guidelines. A significance level of 5% was adopted. 57 profiles were evaluated regarding the open content published on Instagram® (total sample), of which 35 answered the questionnaire (partial sample). In the total sample, the average number of followers was 37 thousand; the average percentage of health content posts was 18.7%; the mean score on the BR-CDC-CCI was 52.7; 3 profiles did not post health content in the evaluated period. In the multilevel linear regression analysis, the posts that obtained a higher score on the BR-CDC-CCI received fewer likes. This relationship was significant both in the unadjusted (p=0.001) and adjusted (p=0.004) model. In the partial sample, the average number of followers was 30,000; the average percentage of health content posts was 21.9%; the mean score on the BR-CDC-CCI was 51.9; 1 profile did not post health content in the evaluated period. In the multilevel linear regression analysis, posts aimed at dentists achieved higher scores on the BR-CDC-CCI than posts that had a different target audience in the adjusted model (p=0.004). Most of the sample of influencers were female and active in the Southeast of the country. It is concluded that the amount of health content posted by these influencers was heterogeneous and generally of low quality. The quality of health content was slightly better when targeting dentists. The worse the quality of the health content post, the greater the number of likes. The vast majority of posts by influencers in Pediatric Dentistry in Brazil meet the CFO standards, but a third of these posts do not comply with international ethics recommendations, with influencers who have a channel for public feedback infringing international standards more.

Association between Level of Parental Oral Health Literacy and the Rational Use of Fluoride for Children from 0 to 4 Years of Age after Instruction: An Intervention Trial.

An inadequate level of oral health literacy (OHL) can hinder the understanding of dental information, which can have a negative impact on health promotion actions, such as the rational use of fluoride. The aims of the present study were (1) to look for association between parents/guardians' OHL and the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; (2) to compare the effect of different modes of educational interventions on the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; and (3) to assess the ability of parents/guardians to choose a toothpaste with adequate fluoride concentration, after the educational intervention. A randomized intervention study was conducted with parents/guardians of children from zero to four years of age (n = 145). The participants answered the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. The participants were allocated to four intervention groups based on type of counseling (written, oral, written + photograph, and oral + photograph), with randomization stratified by level of OHL. The participants were instructed to place the adequate amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush for children from zero to four years of age (smear of 0.125 mg) before and after the intervention. The correct choice of toothpaste was also evaluated by the interpretation of the labels of four toothpastes of different brands and with different concentrations of fluoride. Associations between variables were tested using the Student's t test and one-way ANOVA. Level of OHL was associated with the amount of fluoride toothpaste deposited prior to the educational intervention (p = 0.021) and the percentage of approximation to the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). The choice of toothpaste was associated with schooling (p = 0.031). In conclusion, parents/guardians with adequate OHL better quantified fluoride toothpaste before and after the educational intervention and also came closer to the appropriate amount of toothpaste after the educational intervention. No significant differences in the final amount of toothpaste placed on the toothbrush were found among the intervention groups. The choice of the correct toothpaste was associated with a higher level of schooling.

Pediatric Oral Health Self-reported by Caregivers of NormalHearing and Hearing-Impaired Children

Abstract Objective: To verify and compare the sociodemographic data and caregivers' self-perception of children's oral health condition, hygiene habits and seek for dental services among family units of deaf and normalhearing children. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 parents/caregivers of 16 deaf and 48 normal-hearing children of 3-14 years old, belonging to reference centers in Belo Horizonte, southeastern Brazil. Deaf and hearing children were matched according to their sex and age. Sociodemographic characteristics of the family units and self-report of oral health conditions and care were assessed using a structured questionnaire, including information regarding seeking pediatric dental services. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were performed (p<0.05). Results: Most individuals in the sample were mothers (84.4%). Low family income (p=0.024) and higher education level of guardians (p=0.018) were associated with families of hearing children. The report of clinical treatment or toothache as the main reason for the children's last dental appointment was associated with families of deaf children (p=0.047). Conclusion: Based on caregivers' reports, hearing-impaired children demonstrated greater vulnerability to present dental pain or clinical treatment as the main reasons for their last access to dental appointments.

Do Parents' Oral Health Literacy Levels Influence Their Response to Interventions to Improve Their Knowledge of Traumatic Dental Injuries?

Abstract Objective: To measure the influence of oral health literacy (OHL) level in the improvement of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) after an educational intervention. Material and Methods: A total of 257 parents of children aged 0-12 years had their OHL level evaluated (BREALD-30). A leaflet with information about how to respond to TDI Emergency was developed and delivered to the parents. A questionnaire about attitudes towards TDI was administered before (TDIQ1) and after (TDIQ2) parents read the educational leaflet. The hypotheses were evaluated by non-parametric tests, correlation analysis and logistic regression. Results: The mean OHL score was 21.6. The means of correct answers in TDIQ1 were 5.5 and 5.9 (p = 0.066) and in TDIQ2 were 6.6 and 7.7 (p=0.003) between the groups with inadequate and marginal/adequate OHL, respectively. In the logistic regression, the total score of BREALD-30 and the maximum number of correct answers in TDIQ2 maintained statistical association when adjusted for schooling, gender, age of the parents, family income and the number of correct answers in the first application of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The level of OHL influenced the improvement of parents' knowledge about emergency care in cases of TDI in children from an educational intervention using a leaflet, and this intervention was more effective for parents with adequate OHL.

Qual é o nível de alfabetismo em saúde bucal necessário para escolher e quantificar apropriadamente o dentifrício fluoretado para crianças? / What level of oral health literacy is necessary to choose and quantify properly the fluoride toothpaste for children?

Dentifrícios fluoretados são os principais veículos para o flúor, e o seu uso adequado pode ajudar no equilíbrio do processo de des-remineralização, mantendo baixo o risco de fluorose. O nível de Alfabetismo em Saúde Bucal (ASB) de pais interfere nos desfechos de saúde de suas crianças. Este estudo objetivou avaliar qual o nível de alfabetismo necessário para selecionar e aplicar a quantidade adequada de dentifrício fluoretado indicado para crianças. Participaram do estudo 171 pais/responsáveis alfabetizados de crianças de 0 a 10 anos de idade atendidas no Ambulatório de Criança de Risco do HC-UFMG que possuíam português como língua materna e não haviam recebido orientação sobre uso de dentifrício. O ASB foi mensurado através do BREALD-30 (adequado 26-30) e da versão brasileira do OHLAQ (adequado 14-17). As tarefas que servem para categorizar cada nível de habilidade são aquelas realizadas corretamente por 75% das pessoas naquela faixa de alfabetismo. Os pais/responsáveis receberam orientações padronizadas sobre quantidade de dentifrício a ser dispensada na escova (0,03g) e concentração ideal de Flúor (1100 ppm). Em seguida, os participantes foram convidados a quantificar um dentifrício em uma escova infantil e a escolher dentre quatro dentifrícios para crianças(com diferentes concentrações de flúor) os que estivessem de acordo com a orientação recebida. A porcentagem de pais/responsáveis com nível de ASB adequado pelo BREALD-30 foi 34%, destes 45,8% acertaram a quantidade e 78% escolheram corretamente o dentifrício. Utilizando o OHL-AQ, 30% dos pais obtiveram nível adequado de ASB, destes 54,9% quantificaram e 70,6% escolheram o dentifrício corretamente. Houve associação do nível de ASB medido pelo OHL-AQ com a quantificação do dentifrício: os pais/responsáveis que acertaram a quantificação apresentaram escores do OHL-AQ mais altos do que os que erraram (p = 0,034, teste de Mann Whitney).Pais/responsáveis com nível adequado de ASB tiveram dificuldade de dispensar a quantidade adequada, porém escolheram corretamente o dentifrício. Os demais pais/responsáveis não demonstraram habilidade para desempenhar nenhuma das duas tarefas. Não houve associação do desempenho dos pais/ responsáveis na quantificação e na escolha do dentifrício com as variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas nem com a capacidade de reconhecimento de palavras da área odontológica.

Fluoride toothpaste are the major carriers for fluoride, and their proper use can help balance the de-remineralization process while keeping the risk of fluorosis low. The level of Oral Health Literacy (OHL) of parents interferes in the health outcomes of their children. This study aimed to evaluate the level of literacy required to select and apply the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste indicated for children. A total of 171 literate parents/caregivers of children aged 0 to 10 years-old who were attended at the HC-UFMG Children's in risk Outpatient Clinic, had Portuguese as their mother language and had not received guidance on the use of dentifrice participated in the study. OHL was measured using BREALD-30 (adequate 26-30) and the Brazilian version of OHL-AQ (adequate 14-17). The tasks that serve to categorize each skill level are those performed correctly by 75% of the people in that literacy level. Parents/caregivers received standardized guidelines on the amount of toothpaste to be dispensed at the toothbrush (0.03g) and ideal concentration of fluorine (1100 ppm). Then, they were asked to quantify a toothpaste in a children's toothbrush and to choose from four toothpastes for children (with different concentrations of fluoride) which were in accordance with the orientation received. The percentage of parents/caregivers with adequate OHL level measured withBREALD-30 was 34%, of these 45.8% matched the amount and 78% correctly chose the toothpaste. Using OHL-AQ, 30% of the parents/caregivers had an adequate level of OHL, of these 54.9% quantified and 70.6% chose the toothpaste correctly. There was an association between the OHL level measured by the OHL-AQ and the toothpaste quantification: the parents/caregivers who correctly quantified had higher OHL-AQ scores than those who did it wrong (p = 0.034, Mann Whitney test). Parents/caregivers with an adequate OHL level had difficulty dispensing the adequate amount, but correctly chose the toothpaste. The other parents did not demonstrate ability to perform either of the tasks. There was no association between the performance of the parents/ guardians in the quantification and the choice of the toothpaste with the socioeconomic and demographic variables nor with the ability to recognize words in the dental area.